What are tonsils and I need to have?

Some large clusters of lymphoid tissue in the head and throat are called tonsils. Directly behind the nose, upper rear wall of galtacha a similar cluster, denoted as nasopharyngeal tonsil (adenoids, adenoids) and is known as "third tonsil".

Nasopharyngeal tonsil is the first place where the body's immune system occurs with pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites) and allergens entering the inspired air. With the growth of the body's immune system "learns" to recognize pathogenic microorganisms and so. "Third tonsil" gradually loses its role reduced in size and disappear.

Tonsils are large lymphoid aggregations situated in a kind of "pockets" on both sides of the tongue, palate below. Like the nasopharyngeal tonsil and they are related to recognition of pathogens and allergens, but coming with food and water. With the growth of the organism also tend to reduce in size but rarely disappear completely.

The importance of the tonsils is greatest in growing organism when the immune system first meeting with the majority pathogens. It seems, however, the immune system overcomes the lack of them relatively easily, and significant permanent change it is not established after surgical removal of tonsils.

Often after removal of the tonsillitis, especially in younger age countervailing lymphoid tissue grows - the same or another place - the same symptoms or is resumed, new!

When is "removed" third tonsil and is this necessary?

There are three main reasons for the "removal" of nasopharyngeal tonsils, in individual patients as they can be combined:

    Big third tonsil difficult nasal breathing.

    The problem arises from the fact that:
        child sleeps with his mouth open and snoring during sleep;
        insufficient supply of oxygen to the body leads to night sweats, sleep disturbances - daytime child is sleepy, irritable, distracted;
        mouth breathing leads to drying of mucous membranes - frequent infections of upper respiratory tract;
        can nasapi temporary or permanent distortion of the bite and palate.

    Big and / or infected third tonsil leads to stagnation of nasal secretions.

    Nose mucus constantly released, which in healthy condition passes in the nasopharyngeal tonsil galtacha and swallow. When it is difficult to periodically or continuously child has fluid secretions in the nose - the lining of the nose and sinuses can not properly fulfill their functions and infects - occurs frequent or constant fever and / or sinusitis.
    Big and / or infected third tonsil leads to dysfunction Estahievite pipes.

    This condition leads to acute otitis media and / or permanent retention of fluid in it - see. otitis media in children.

These are the most common reasons (indications) for operation. Nasopharyngeal tonsil first gets in the way of infection and often first to "increase". Usually after proper medication tonsils are "shrinks" and operational and removal is not necessary. But when the volume of tonsil problems decreases gradually deepen and operative removal of nasopharyngeal tonsil obsolyutno is necessary.

How to "remove" third tonsil?

According to the rules of modern medicine nasopharyngeal tonsil is operated under general anesthesia. Increased and / or infected tissue is removed completely and thoroughly the bleeding stops.

Practiced in the past, local anesthesia is often associated with:

    lack of real pain and very annoying effect on child psychology;

    frequent inability to complete removal of the increased and / or infected tissue;

    greater percentage of operative trauma and postoperative bleeding.

When is "removed" tonsils?

There are four main reasons for the "removal" of the tonsils, with individual patients they may be combined:

    Large tonsils "clog" throat.

    The problem arises from the fact that:
        Child difficulty swallowing, slurred speech there, sleeping with mouth open and snoring during sleep;
        insufficient supply of oxygen to the body leads to night sweats, sleep disturbances - daytime child is sleepy, irritable, distracted;
        mouth breathing leads to drying of mucous membranes - frequent infections of upper respiratory tract.

    It is relatively rare and mostly transient state. In children, the tonsils are generally large, which is more noticeable against the little throat. Sticking the tongue leads to convergence of the tonsils, which makes them look and even bigger. Finally, often after infection (even in the absence of other symptoms!) Tonsils "swell" temporarily.
    Permanently or often infected tonsils often lead to inflammation of the throat.

    Tonsils have a network of cracks and grooves, called crypts. Upon infection of the tonsils with some pathogens and / or due to weak individual stability (but mostly because of two reasons) slivichnite crypts became sustained outbreak of infection that is difficult to remove medication. Permanent local infection has two effects:
        local, permanent or recurring infection - tonsillitis, pharyngitis, lymphadenitis, abscess, after removal of tonsils these infections most often resolved;
        total body involvement, especially in immune mechanism - a rare but serious and often irreversible damage.

    Lasting infection of the tonsils is the most common reason for operative recovery.
    Large slivichni crypts often lead to bad breath and infections.

    In some patients slivichnite crypts were very large, which is associated with a permanent retention of food, mucus, microorganisms. Detachable white-yellowish material with a bad odor, especially for the patients themselves. There are often local infections respond to antibiotics, but only temporarily. Patients mechanically cleaned these sort of "deposits" and often cause local trauma alone.
    Abnormally increased and / or altered tonsils is a source for concern.

    Tonsils may be out benign and malignant tumors. Removal of the tonsil is significantly altered essential for peace and the patient - the disease is radically removed, and the doctor - after research mahnatata tissue diagnosis is more accurate.

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How to "remove" tonsils?

According to the rules of modern medicine tonsils operated under general anesthesia, although significantly impaired patients is practiced and local anesthesia. It is possible to remove one tonsil and or parts of it (ie. Tonzilotomiya), but most are completely removed both tonsils (the operation is called a tonsillectomy) and thoroughly bleeding stops.

The specific methods and means for removal of tonsils and blood were different, but correct application final results are the same.

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What are the complications of surgical removal of tonsils?

By means possible complications, but the unintended consequences of any surgery. Upon removal of the tonsils can be observed four types of complications:

    general anesthesia, although a world standard for this type of operation always carries its risks, in healthy subjects (even a small child), whose main problem is only from the tonsils, with good preoperative preparation and an experienced anesthesiologist anesthetic risk minimum; ultimately "local anesthesia" is not safe.

    postoperative bleeding is the most common complication, with a third tonsil removal is usually transient, but small children often goes unnoticed and should always be wary of him, bleeding after removal of the tonsils often occurs later after the operation - up to 5-10 days - due to premature separation of the initial clot formed before permanent "blockage" of the large blood vessels;

    place of the removed tonsil is a kind of open wound and is easily infected, this is related to the occurrence of transient bad breath short and slight fever;

    in a very small percentage of children, mostly those with anatomical abnormalities of the third tonsil removal lead to temporary or permanent disruption in the functions of the soft palate - the voice changes occur and / or swallowing; removal of tonsils, especially if very large also may be associated with permanent changes in timbre of voice, most often it is towards more "natural" voice.

What can be expected after surgery?

Most often pain after removal of the nasopharyngeal tonsil is minimal. Upon removal of the tonsils, especially in adults is more pronounced and often requires medical pain relief.

Some children reported pain and / or mild stiff neck. This is most often a transient condition resulting from trauma to the neck muscles that lie just below the "third" tonsil.

Often there is a shooting pain to the ears - the result of transitory innervation of the common area.

When all are removed both tonsils?

Often all tonsils "sick" simultaneously and can be removed within a general anesthesia. It is, however, different operations, although conducted by a team, and indications are distinct respectively (see When is "removed" tonsils? And when "remove" third tonsil and necessary is this?). Completely unreasonable is the desire of some "time to get the job done" because there (and often not!) Indication for one type of operation.

Are there any local features and international standards in the surgical treatment of tonsils?

The reasons to remove tonsils and related research are too diskutabilni although already adopted rules: adenotomiya and adenotomiya, tonsillectomy and adeno-tonsillectomy. Ultimately the final decision is taken by the patient (or his parents). Moreover, patients are three types:

    Those who come for advice and having confidence in your doctor, follow his advice. If a colleague is experienced most often leads to proper decision.

    Patients who have already decided "to remove tonsils' s work is to custom procedure without actually reporting the negative sides of the removal of a relatively healthy body.

    People who are strongly opposed to surgery. Often these are parents with bad personal memories of handling local "anesthesia." Such people should be reminded often that removal of "sick" tonsils has less negative effects on the body of the axis of the infected, enlarged and poorly functioning tissue.